The first capital in the history of Islam, and the second holiest place for Muslims after Mecca. It is the capital of the Medina region located on the historical land of Hijaz, in the west of Saudi Arabia, Medina is about 400 km from Mecca in the north-eastern direction, and about 150 km east of the Red Sea, and the nearest port is Yanbu port, which is located in the south-western side of it and is 220 km away, the area of the city is Al-Munawara is about 589 km2, of which 99 km2 is occupied by the urban area, while the rest of the area is outside the urban area, and consists of mountains, valleys, slopes of Seoul, desert and agricultural lands, cemeteries and parts of the highway network.

Medina was founded more than 1500 years before the Prophet’s hijra, and it was known before the advent of Islam as ” Yathrib”, and this name was mentioned in the Qur’an and if a sect of them said, O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you, so go back and ask the permission of a group of them, the prophet, they say that our houses are awrah and what is awrah if they only want to flee﴾ it is stated in the correct Hadith that The Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah changed the name of the one who Yathrib to the city, and forbade the use of its old name, and said: “Whoever said to the city “Yathrib”, let Allah forgive “.